On the former territory of modern Turkey prevailed at the time, Armenians, Greeks, Persians and Hittites and the Greeks this in turn under the ruler Alexander the Great. Asia Minor was then the Roman empire in its dominion incorporated. This reign of the Roman Empire lasted until 4th Century AD on. According to this rule Asia Minor fell to Byzantium.

After the arrival of the Seljuk, began the Turkish settlement in Anatolia in the 11th Century AD The home of the Turks was originally in western China and Central Asia.

The Byzantine army was in the Battle of Mantzikert by the Seljuk in the year 1071 beaten. The Rum Seljuk Sultanate founded it 1077 and then the Ottomans conquered vast territories of East and Mittelanatoliens. By the Mongol invasion of the Seljuk Empire weakened greatly, so that several Turkish tribes made independently. For these Turkish principalities (Beyliken) later formed the Ottoman Empire. From the perspective of the western side, the country was in the twelfth century as Turchia named.

Ca.1299 Osman I founded the Ottoman Empire, which was named after him, as well as the Ottoman dynasty. After the Ottoman Constantinople in the year 1453 have conquered, they prevailed over large parts of the Middle East, and through the Balkans, the Caucasus, North Africa and the Crimea.

After the spread of the Ottoman Empire before Vienna was brought to a standstill and the Ottoman army at Kahlenberg in 1683 was beaten, pushed to the Ottoman Empire from its European territories west of the Sea of Marmara, between Istanbul and Edirne back. The growing independence of some nations in the multi-ethnic state of the Ottoman Empire, began in the 19th Century. Because the occupation of North Africa by some European powers and the loss in the First World War, brought the downfall of the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman Empire during the First World War fought on the side of the Central Powers, Britain and France since the Armenians were promised an independent state had feared the Ottoman government to reduce their areas that they can not tolerate wanted. It started then created a relocation action, the only excuse was taken to live in the area to kill Armenians. This genocide of the Armenians is still by the Turkish government deny.

The Ottoman Empire lost after the defeat of the Central Powers, because of the peace treaty of Sevres outside his areas of Anatolia and Thrace. The territory of modern Turkey should be crushed. The city of Smyrna (Turkish Izmir) and some parts of western Anatolia, Greece was awarded, the areas around Adana got the Italians and the French were Cilicia and Syria. In the eastern regions of Turkey, an Armenian state emerge. Those plans were unfortunately until now not be implemented.

Against these plans Ataturk began from 19 May 1919 with the military and political resistance. From 1920, the struggles against Greece is always fierce. He finished in 9th September 1922 with the demise of the Greek occupied Smyrna (Izmir). With this decline, many Turks and Greeks their homeland.

On 24 July 1923 was the Treaty of Lausanne, the Treaty of Sevres revised.
Thus, the present valid borders, international law recognized. Also, the population exchange with Greece was in the normal path. Mustafa Kemal called on 29 October 1923 from the Republic after the foreign forces were expelled.

The opening of accession negotiations with the European Union, Turkey reached after 40-years of effort on 3 October 2005.

In the Turkish Republic is a separation of powers. It concerns the legislative, executive and the judiciary. Turkey is, according to its constitution a parliamentary democracy. The judiciary is independent of everything. The legislative body is the Grand National Assembly. The people elect here every 5 years. Others may be but only within Turkey. The postal ballot is not possible. Thus there are several millions of Turks living abroad, out of an election. The head of state is to 7 years and is president here. He can be elected only once. The Supreme Court in Turkey is the Constitutional Court. Here, on the constitutionality of laws decided. Here is a woman chairman. Your name is Tülay Tugcu. Turkey wishes for years in the European Union. It hopes thereby a stronger connection to the West. Turkey has a protector eye on the Turkmens.

Turkey is seeking a leadership role in the Turkstaaten. The Turkstaaten are: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. Very unusual for a predominantly Muslim populated country are very good relations with Israel. The Turkish government however denies the Armenian genocide. There are other conflicts between Turkey and other countries. For example, towards Greece. Shutter these disputes are, for example, the struggle for domination in the premises Ägais. Even the Cyprus conflict is contributing to tensions on. In the fights you Ägais to the demarcation of the border. This is especially economically but also from a military point of view very interesting. This area holds oil reserves. Syria is a problem with which Turkey has better employment. I myself was in Turkey as saying: Hurray, we lead the war against Syria. Spontaneously asked me to the history lesson reminds right and I had fear. Somehow gets to Turkey but still the problem again. Syria is presumed that it would support the PKK. That is of course in Turkey are not welcome. As Turkey, however, has the possibility of Syria water from them and Syria PKK fighters can mobilize, hold the two cocks dispute always good at chess. The Iraq Fights with Turkey to the Kurds. The Turkey fears that the Kurdish conflict could flare up again.

Turkey is also dealing with Bulgaria. Here lives a small Turkish minority, the Bulgarian state is suppressed. Here, there was sometimes too early attacks. Today, this conflict is largely cleared aside. Both countries are now quite good, economic relations. Armenia recognizes the borders of Turkey is still not on. Moreover denies the present Government of Turkey the Armenian genocide from the year 1915/16. This is of course much matter of opinion. I can only say that Turkey is the most problems quite well in getting to grips with the tourists and at least nothing like this unaware. Who the Turkish language is not powerful in its holiday and the political part of the newspaper can not translate, of these conflicts will not notice. It is also, I believe, in resorts such as a German in Alanya simple as a Turkish newspaper to find.

The exact composition of the Turkish population is not exactly evident. While the census ethnicity was not identified. Was determined, however, the mother tongue. Very controversial is the exact number of Kurds. They are probably the largest minority in Turkey. In Turkey, live about 70 - 80% Turks, 20 to 30% Kurds, Arabs, Zaza, Albanians, Tscherkessen, Georgians as well as several other small communities. Information on the population of Turkey are not always as reliable. Especially for older people are the birth dates are often wrong, because in Turkey earlier children only have been where it was just time. For younger people, these data are rarely wrong. Since the founding of the Republic in 1923 the population grew rapidly. 1927 lived in the country around 14 million people. In 2003, however, there were already nearly 70 million population growth has recently slowed down much.
Turkey is now on equal parts of emigration as well as an immigration country. From the Balkans, Greece, Iran, Middle East, Central Asia, Crimea came after the fall of the Iron Curtain emigrant in the Republic. Even the lure holiday paradises in the Mediterranean many foreigners who settle here, or at least a part of the year here want to spend. On the other hand, many minorities have already left the country. Among them are mainly Kurds, but also Greeks, Jews, Zaza, as well as Jesiden million Turks, for there is no prospect in this country see. The population of Turkey is very young. The average age of the population is at 27.3 years. This is not least at the high number of children and adolescents up to 14 years. Basic health care is provided by the state. However, the private hospitals for the tourists preferred. The supply in the hospital does not quite as well as in Germany.
The average life expectancy of a man is 66 years for women, it is at 71 years. Since the founding of the Turkish Republic is sought, the position of women in society continue to improve. In Turkey, women may choose longer, as in Germany. Since 1930, this is allowed. Since 1934 women can also be selected.
In 2004 a law was adopted, the so-called “honor killings” with a life imprisonment sentence punished. Previously, when such killings are often mitigating circumstances be claimed. All in all, I feel Turkey as a very safe country. It is particularly promising for the safety of the tourists did. You meet anywhere without police are somehow to feel disturbed. The high penalties fulfill their meaning. They are often truly dissuasive. Thus, it is often not crimes. But what in Turkey is still present, although this becomes less and less, nor publicly denounced, is corruption. In Germany, one would deal with 50 € you at a vehicle control in the license sets, ridiculous, in Turkey keep this in front of the alcohol control. But this is obviously not officially admitted. Functioning, but it usually does so.

Turkey is in a total of 7 regions. The regions are the Marmara, Aegean region, Black Sea region, Mediterranean region, Central, Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia. Here you can find significant differences between the various regions identified. The division into 7 regions was predominantly based on similar climatic features. That is also the landscape as well as the land of the territories in the region are very similar. Each region is distinguished by its climate but also through their land. Also important are the location, the vegetation, fauna and the Erdbeschaffenheit. So it is crucial to whether the ground is rocky, or can be easily managed. 4 of 7 regions were under the seas bordering the Black Sea, Mediterranean, Aegean and Marmara named. The remaining 3 regions were named after the location. Thrace is located west of the Bosphorus on the European side. Here is the river Meriç a natural border with Greece.

In the east of the Bosporus to find the Marmara region. The Marmara Sea separates Europe from Asia and the Aegean Sea from the Black Sea. In the Mediterranean, you will find the Dardanelles. They lie on a length of 60 km. Lies directly on the Bosporus Ä°stanbul. Here is the landscape of forests and hilly or at least covered by bushes. The very fertile arable soil in the east in a steppe landscape. The millions of Bursa is a spa and very famous for its sulfur and hot springs. In the Aegean region is heavily agricultural land use. The very hilly landscape stretches from the west coast between Çanakkale to Bodrum. This region on the coast is one of the best-developed regions of Turkey. Here not only cypress trees and vines but also the landscape. You’ll also find many ancient buildings. For example, Troy, Assos, Pergamon, Ephesus, Priene, Miletus, and Didyma Euromos.

The Black Sea region is the northern coastal area of Turkey. This region is a mild and humid climate characterized. The landscape is very mountainous and heavily forested. Here thrive tea, tobacco, corn and hazelnuts. Zentralanatolischen in the region of Tuz Gölü salt lake and a large mountain chain. It soars in some places over 3,900 meters into the sky. Cappadocia is situated further east. The tourists visit like this place because of his tuff. Here you can find many Wohnhölen rock and a church. Inneranatolien is overwhelmingly dominated by steppe landscape. The region is very dry. In the area around Tuz Gölü is the desert-like landscape. The agricultural use in this region of the country is not as strong as in the rest in the area around Tuz Gölü is the desert-like landscape. Particularly wheat, barley and fruit are grown here. He is very hot and dry summers and cold winters.

The Mediterranean region in the north of Taurus and in the east of Amanosgebirge framed. Here are most of citrus fruits, tomatoes, bananas, peanuts and especially cotton. Southeastern is considered the oldest cultural region of Turkey. The Taurus Mountains characterizes this landscape. Here are the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. Here, wheat, barley, grapes, olives and pistachios grown. For agricultural cultivation will be along the Euphrates and the Tigris more than 22 dams built.

Turkey, officially called Republic of them, moreover also Turkey or to Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyet is a country in Asia.  Around 97% of the area of the country belong to Asia. Only about 3% belong to Europe. War of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded. Incidentally, this is a name you should remember. In almost every major city has a monument to the founder of the Turkish Republic. Negative comments about him you should refrain. Turkey is a secular state, which means a holiday in this Muslim country actually, is for the tourists hardly represents a switch, because he is from the other faiths hardly noticed something when he does not want. Secularism is the founder of the State of Mustafa Kemal “Ataturk” back. He was highly anxious, Turkey, following the example of Europe to modernize.
A good example of secularism in Turkey are the schools. While in Bavarian schools often to see the cross, may in the whole of Turkey in a school no headscarf worn. Even the religious education is a private event with which the school has nothing to do. The Turkey extends over 2 continents. Anatolia, which is the Asian part of Turkey is, claimed about 97% of the area of the country. The European part is located in the west. Thrace, as the name, covers around 3% of the country. At Anatolia, most Germans prejudices. Did you know that even the great coastal resorts such as Bodrum or Antalya Anatolia belong?

The borders of Turkey have a length of about 9,850 km. These assets were approximately 7,200 km from the sea framed. In the west of the country to find the Aegean Sea. Here are cities such as Izmir. The nearest airport is located here in Antalya. In the north of the country lies the Black Sea. Here lies, for example, Samsun. This region is known for its black tea as well as all annual hazelnut harvest. Turkey has a total of 8 borders with neighboring states. Here one finds in Greece (in the long term for many other tourist plays an important role, because a day trip to Greece is the visa for Turkey easily extend), Bulgaria, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq and Syria. Disputes between Syria and Turkey and to provide for tension. In the tourist regions to get them but nothing with and abroad will also take nothing for fear tourists might stay away. Tourists respond to such messages are always sensitive, but believe me, nothing really gets you in and feels in Turkey is always safe.

The north of the country, however, is a case for itself. It lost only very rarely tourists out. The region is earthquake-prone and not really nice to Turkey holiday. Earthquake in Turkey are, however usual. However, if you already gets panic, was reassured. The last earthquake I have a circulatory disorder kept, so it was unspectacular.

The Turkey is still considered to be cost-effective alternative to sun destinations such as Spain or Dubai.