Ancient City Pergamum, where is pergamum? Information about Pergamum…

The history of the city starts in the 8th C BC when Aeolian Greek colonies settled in the area. The city was founded on a hill overlooking the Caicos plain. During the reign of Eumenes II in the 2nd C BC, it became one of the cultural and intellectual centers of the day.

With the invention of pergamena (parchment) its library grew to rival in size, the great library of Alexandria. The famous Altar of Zeus was here.

Pergamum was one of the Seven Churches of the Revelations. The famous Roman physician, Galen was born and studied in Pergamum.The
ruins are separated into 3 parts, the Acropolis, Red Courtyard and Asclepion, which was the cure center of Pergamum.

Hagia Sophia Church Museum, Ayasofya, Where is Hagia Sophia Church Museum? Information about Hagia Sophia Church Museum, Tourizm in Istanbul…

Hagia Sophia (Turkish: Ayasofya, from the Greek: Ἁγία Σοφία, “Holy Wisdom”; Latin: Sancta Sophia or Sancta Sapientia) is a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Famous in particular for its massive dome, it is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and to have “changed the history of architecture.”[1] It was the largest cathedral in the world for nearly a thousand years, until the completion of the Seville Cathedral in 1520. The current building was originally constructed as a church between 532 and 537 A.D. on the orders of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian, and was in fact the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to occupy the site (the previous two had both been destroyed by riots). It was designed by two architects, Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. The Church contained a large collection of holy relics and featured, among other things, a 15m (49 foot) silver iconostasis. It was the seat of the Patriarch of Constantinople and the religious focal point of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly one thousand years. It was the church in which Cardinal Humbert marched up to the altar and excommunicated Cerularius, marking the official start of the Great Schism.

In 1453, Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Turks and Sultan Mehmed II ordered the building to be converted into a mosque.[2] The bells, altar, iconostasis, and sacrificial vessels were removed, and many of the mosaics were eventually plastered over. The Islamic features — such as the mihrab, the minbar, and the four minarets outside — were added over the course of its history under the Ottomans. It remained as a mosque until 1935, when it was converted into a museum by the Republic of Turkey.

For almost 500 years the principal mosque of Istanbul, Hagia Sophia served as a model for many of the Ottoman mosques such as the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque of Istanbul), the Şehzade Mosque, the Süleymaniye Mosque, the Rüstem Pasha Mosque, and the Kılıç Ali Paşa Mosque.

Although it is sometimes referred to as Santa Sophia, the Greek name in full is Ναός τῆς Ἁγίας τοῦ Θεοῦ Σοφίας, Church of the Holy Wisdom of God. It was to this, the Holy Wisdom of God, that the Church was dedicated (”Sophia” being the phonetic spelling in Latin of the Greek word for wisdom). So Santa Sophia should be understood as the italianate title of the church, Holy Wisdom; not as a reference to any saint named Sophia, but as a reference to the philosophical and theological concept of “Sophia”.

Nothing remains of the first church that was built on this location, known as the Μεγάλη Ἐκκλησία (Megálē Ekklēsíā, “Great Church”), or in Latin “Magna Ecclesia”.[3]

The church was built next to the area where the imperial palace was being developed and next to the smaller church Hagia Eirene, finished first and acting as cathedral until the Hagia Sophia was completed. The Hagia Sophia was inaugurated by Constantius II on 15 February 360. Both churches acted together as the principal churches of the Byzantine Empire.

This church was chronicled by Socrates of Constantinople (380–440), who claimed that it was built by Constantine the Great. It was built as a traditional Latin colonnaded basilica with galleries and a wooden roof. It was preceded by an atrium. This first church was then already claimed to be one of the world’s most outstanding monuments.

The Patriarch of Constantinople, John Chrysostom, came into a conflict with Empress Aelia Eudoxia, wife of the Emperor Arcadius and was sent into exile on 20 June 404. During the subsequent riots, this first church was largely burned down. A second church was ordered by Theodosius II, who inaugurated it on 10 October 415. The basilica with a wooden roof was built by architect Rufinos.

The fire that started during the tumult of the Nika Revolt resulted in the destruction of the (second) Hagia Sophia, which burned down to the ground on 13–14 January 532.

Several marble blocks from this second church have survived to the present day, and they are displayed in the garden of the current (third) church. The blocks were originally part of a monumental front entrance; they were excavated in the western courtyard by A.M. Schneider in 1935. The relief depicting 12 lambs — 12 apostles as well as other remains of this church were discovered during excavation works in 1935. In order not to harm the present Hagia Sophia building, further excavation works were not carried out.

On February 23, 532, only a few days after the destruction of the second basilica, Emperor Justinian I took the decision to build a third and entirely different basilica, larger and more majestic than its predecessors. It is now known as the “Church of holy wisdom.”

Justinian chose the physicist Isidore of Miletus and the mathematician Anthemius of Tralles as architects; Anthemius, however, died within the first year. The construction is described by the Byzantine historian Procopius’ On Buildings (Peri ktismatōn, Latin: De aedificiis). The emperor had material brought over from all over the empire, such as Hellenistic columns from the temple of Artemis at Ephesus. Large stones were brought from far-away quarries: porphyry from Egypt, green marble from Thessaly, black stone from the Bosporus region and yellow stone from Syria. More than ten thousand people were employed during this construction. This new church was immediately recognized as a major work of architecture, demonstrating the creative insights of the architects. They may have used the theories of Heron of Alexandria to be able to construct a huge dome over such a large open space. The emperor, together with the patriarch Eutychius, inaugurated the new basilica on December 27, 537 with much pomp and circumstance. The mosaics inside the church were, however, only completed under the reign of Emperor Justin II (565–578).

Earthquakes in August 553 and on December 14, 557 caused cracks in the main dome and the eastern half-dome to appear. The main dome collapsed completely during an earthquake on May 7, 558, destroying the ambon, the altar and the ciborium over it. The emperor ordered an immediate restoration. He entrusted it to Isodorus the Younger, nephew of Isidore of Miletus. This time he used lighter materials and elevated the dome by 6.25 metres (20.5 ft), thus giving the building its current interior height of 55.6 metres (182 ft).[4] This reconstruction, giving the church its present 6th century form, was completed in 562. The Byzantine poet Paul the Silentiary composed an extant, long epic poem, known as Ekphrasis, for the rededication of the basilica, presided over by Patriarch Eutychius, on 23 December 562.

Hagia Sophia was the seat of the Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople and a principal setting for Byzantine imperial ceremonies, such as coronations. The basilica also offered asylum to wrongdoers. Foreign visitors were deeply impressed.

In 726 the Emperor Leo the Isaurian issued a series of edicts against the veneration of images, ordering the army to destroy all icons, ushering in the period of Byzantine iconoclasm. At that time, all religious pictures and statues were removed from the Hagia Sophia. After a brief reprieve under Empress Irene (797–802), the iconoclasts made a comeback. Emperor Theophilus (829–842) was strongly influenced by Islamic art,[citation needed] which forbids graven images. He had a two-winged bronze door with his monograms installed at the southern entrance of the church.

The basilica suffered damage, first by a great fire in 859, and again by an earthquake on January 8, 869 that made a half-dome collapse. Emperor Basil I ordered the church to be repaired.

After the great earthquake of 25 October 989, which ruined the great dome of Hagia Sophia, the Byzantine emperor Basil II asked for the Armenian architect Trdat, creator of the great churches of Ani and Agine, to repair the dome.[5] His main repairs were to the western arch and a portion of the dome. The extent of the church’s destruction meant that reconstruction lasted six years. The church was re-opened on 13 May 994.

In his book De caerimoniis aulae Byzantinae (Book of Ceremonies), emperor Constantine VII (913–919) wrote about all the details of the ceremonies held in the Hagia Sophia by the emperor and the patriarch.
19th Century marker of the tomb of Enrico Dandolo, the Doge of Venice who commanded the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, inside the Hagia Sophia

At the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade, the church was ransacked and desecrated by the Latin Christians. The Byzantine historian Niketas Choniates described the capture of Constantinople. Many reputed relics from the church, such as a stone from the tomb of Jesus, the Virgin Mary’s milk, the shroud of Jesus, and bones of several saints, were sent to churches in the West and can be seen now in various museums in the West. During the Latin occupation of Constantinople (1204–1261) the church became a Roman Catholic cathedral. Baldwin I of Constantinople was crowned emperor on 16 May 1204 in the Hagia Sophia, at a ceremony which closely followed Byzantine practices. Enrico Dandolo, the Doge of Venice who commanded the sack and invasion of the city by the Latin Crusaders in 1204, is buried inside the church. The tomb inscription carrying his name, which has become a part of the floor decoration, was spat upon by many of the angry Byzantines who recaptured Constantinople in 1261. However, restoration carried out during the period 1847–1849 cast doubt upon the authenticity of the doge’s grave. It is more likely a symbolic burial site to keep alive his memory.

After the recapture in 1261 by the Byzantines, the church was in a dilapidated state. The four buttresses in the west were probably built during this time. In 1317, emperor Andronicus II ordered four new buttresses to be built in the eastern and northern parts of the church. After new cracks had developed in the dome after the earthquake of October 1344, several parts of the building collapsed on 19 May 1346. After that, the church remained closed until 1354, when repairs were undertaken by the architects Astras and Peralta.

Immediately after the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, the Hagia Sophia was converted into the Ayasofya Mosque[2]. At that time, the church was very dilapidated. Several of its doors had fallen off. This condition was described by several Western visitors, such as the Córdoban nobleman Pero Tafur[6] and the Florentine Cristoforo Buondelmonti.[7] The sultan Mehmed II ordered the immediate cleanup of the church and its conversion to a mosque. The next sultan Bayezid II built a new minaret, replacing the one built by his father.

In the 16th century the sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) brought back two colossal candles from his conquest of Hungary. They were placed on both sides of the mihrab. During the reign of Selim II (1566–1577), the building started showing signs of fatigue and was extensively strengthened with the addition of structural supports to its exterior by the great Ottoman architect Sinan, who is also considered one of the world’s first earthquake engineers.[8] In addition to strengthening the historic Byzantine structure, Sinan built the two additional large minarets at the western end of the building, the original sultan’s loge, and the mausoleum of Selim II to the southeast of the building (then a mosque) in 1577. The mausoleums of Murad III and Mehmed III were built next to it in the 1600s.

Later additions were the sultan’s gallery, a minbar decorated with marble, a dais for a sermon and a loggia for a muezzin.

The sultan Murad III (1574–1595) had two large alabaster Hellenistic urns transported from Pergamon and placed on two sides of the nave.

Sultan Mahmud I ordered the restoration of the building in 1739 and added a medrese (a Koranic school, now the library of the museum), a soup kitchen (for distribution to the poor) and a library, and in 1740 a fountain for ritual ablutions (Şadirvan), thus transforming it into a külliye, i.e. a social complex. At the same time a new sultan’s gallery and a new mihrab were built inside.

The most famous restoration of the Hagia Sophia was ordered by Sultan Abdülmecid and completed by eight hundred workers between 1847 and 1849, under the supervision of the Swiss-Italian architect brothers Gaspare and Giuseppe Fossati. The brothers consolidated the dome and vaults, straightened the columns, and revised the decoration of the exterior and the interior of the building. The mosaics in the upper gallery were cleaned. The old chandeliers were replaced by new pendant ones. New gigantic circular-framed disks or medallions were hung on columns. They were inscribed with the names of Allah, the prophet Muhammad, the first four caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, and the two grandchildren of Mohammed: Hassan and Hussain, by the calligrapher Kazasker İzzed Effendi (1801–1877). In 1850 the architect Fossati built a new sultan’s gallery in a Neo-Byzantine style connected to the royal pavilion behind the mosque. Outside the Hagia Sophia, a timekeeper’s building and a new medrese were built. The minarets were altered so that they were of equal height. When the restoration was finished, the mosque was re-opened with ceremonial pomp on 13 July 1849.

Hagia Sophia is one of the greatest surviving examples of Byzantine architecture. Of great artistic value was its decorated interior with mosaics and marble pillars and coverings. The temple itself was so richly and artistically decorated that Justinian proclaimed, “Solomon, I have outdone thee!” (Νενίκηκά σε Σολομών). Justinian himself had overseen the completion of the greatest cathedral ever built up to that time, and it was to remain the largest cathedral for 1,000 years up until the completion of the cathedral in Seville in Spain.

Justinian’s basilica was at once the culminating architectural achievement of late antiquity and the first masterpiece of Byzantine architecture. Its influence, both architecturally and liturgically, was widespread and enduring in the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Muslim worlds alike. The largest columns are about 19 or 20 meters tall. They are at least 1.5 meters diameter. They are made out of granite, the largest weighing well over 70 tons. Under Justinian’s orders, eight Corinthian columns were disassembled from Baalbek, Lebanon and shipped to Constantinople for the construction of Hagia Sophia.[10]

The vast interior has a complex structure. The nave is covered by a central dome which has a maximum diameter of 31.24 metres (102 ft 6 in) and a height from floor level of 55.6 metres (182 ft 5 in), about one fourth smaller and greater, respectively, than the dome of the Pantheon. The dome seems rendered weightless by the unbroken arcade of 40 arched windows under it, which help flood the colourful interior with light. Due to consecutive repairs in the course of its history, the dome has lost its perfect circular base and has become somewhat elliptical with a diameter varying between 31.24 m (102 ft 6 in) and 30.86 m (101 ft 3 in).

The dome is carried on pendentives — four concave triangular sections of masonry which solve the problem of setting the circular base of a dome on a rectangular base. At Hagia Sophia the weight of the dome passes through the pendentives to four massive piers at the corners. Between them the dome seems to float upon four great arches. These were reinforced with buttresses during Ottoman times, under the guidance of the architect Sinan.

At the western (entrance) and eastern (liturgical) ends, the arched openings are extended by half domes carried on smaller semi-domed exedras. Thus a hierarchy of dome-headed elements builds up to create a vast oblong interior crowned by the main dome, a sequence unexampled in antiquity. Despite all these measures, the weight of the dome remained a problem, which was solved by adding buttresses from the outside.

All interior surfaces are sheathed with polychrome marbles, green and white with purple porphyry and gold mosaics, encrusted upon the brick. This sheathing camouflaged the large pillars, giving them, at the same time, a brighter aspect.

On the exterior, simple stuccoed walls reveal the clarity of massed vaults and domes. The yellow and red colour of the exterior was added by the architect Fossati during the restorations in the 19th century.

The thermal springs cause the heating of individual small pools on the slopes. From the hot springs water flows kalkhaltiges on each terrace steps down. If the hot water cools, stores, the allegation contained lime on the levels, like a stalactite cave.

To have evolved over the millennia, many small pools formed by the water and catch it over the edge to continue to let go. The farther the water away from the source, the more it cools itself.
Therefore, the water in the basin various different temperatures. The ancient Romans came to Pamukkale, in order to reach the hot springs to relax, to relax or to several complaints (such as rheumatism) auszukurieren.
From the Roman era were also the ruins on the site. Beautiful is the play of color in Pamukkale in varying light during the sunset.

Ancient city of Hierapolis
The city of Hierapolis is in Greek called the Holy City. Yet little is known about their history, their origin. One thing is sure, without the sources here would never be a city emerged. To 190 BC created by today’s Pamukkale Eumenes II of Pergamon. Here, the Roman bathing two thousand years ago originate in Asia Minor found. The city had estimated 100,000 inhabitants.

Marmorkapitelle point to the importance of Hierapolis out, it was the center of the Kybelekultes, the veneration of the great Mother Earth. Also the thermal water was because of its curative effect revered. The remains of nymphaeum can guess the size: A widely visible fountain. The theater of the city is the best preserved venue in Asia Minor and offered some 15,000 spectators.

Hierapolis, an ancient spa, where nature and art to complement the best. Until now the place has none of its fascination ever.
Even though the city, like an old Kybelekult allegedly shows probably already existed, the oldest evidence comes from the 3rd Century BC, when Antiochus II through newly created, as well as its neighboring city Laodikeia on Lycus. Older urban tracks are covered by Travertinschichten.

Through earthquakes, the city was destroyed 17 AD, but then in extended form rebuilt. In the first and second century, thermal baths, fountains, theaters and temples. From this era also the numerous tombs and graves in the vicinity (necropolis).

All the buildings survived the war between the Turks and Byzantines until they 1334 by an earthquake completely destroyed. From 4 Century AD, it has become a Christian center. The reason was that in the years 80 AD one of the apostles of Jesus, St. Philip, was murdered here. The church father Papias of Hierapolis was here in the second century bishop.

Ramparts
After 5 Century AD, the city was in the west, south and east of the city walls. The largest part of the walls are destroyed.

The great Roman plant
Today, the complex only by massive walls and some vaults have been preserved. The inner part of the bath was made of marble. The plan of the bath is just like the other Roman baths.

The remains of the bath are from the 2nd Century n. Chr.und are now partially used as a museum.

Theater
It is a building that is on a hillside anlehnt. The construction work began after the earthquake from the year 60 AD and ended the year 206 AD The theater has 50 seats with 8 stairs. A Diosomaia, which is in the midst of Cavean, committing one to two pages with vaults. Between the pillars and statues are behind the stage are inlaid marble.

Laodikeia
The city was in the south of Lake Çürüksu (Lycus) built. Ancient sources report that the city between 261-263 BC by Antiokhos II was built and the name of his wife Laodikeia the city council.

Laodikeia is I. century. BC is the most important and famous city of Anatolia. Large works of art come from the city this time. The Romans made this city the center of Kýbyra (Gölhisar-Horzum) Conventus.

The buildings of Laodikeia The Grand Theater is located in the northeast of the ancient city, according to the terrain, it is in Roman style. The stage is totally destroyed, the seats of the guests and the orchestra are well preserved. It is about for about 20,000 persons.

The small theater small theater located northeast of the large theater. According to the site is also in Roman style. The scene (stage) is completely destroyed, the Cavea and the orchestra is partially destroyed. It is about for about 15,000 persons.

Stadium and gymnasium are located in the southeast of the city. The additional construction of the stadium and gymnasium together form a single unit. 79 AD after the stadium was built and is 350m long and 60m wide. The amphitheater has 24 seats. The most part is destroyed. The Temple of Zeus Temple of Zeus liegtt pillars in the east of the road, between the small theater and nymphaeum (monumental fountain).

The large church is located in the south of the pillars road. Only the carrier is well preserved. The main entrance is in the west of the church.

On the beautiful coastal road 400 of Finike Kas after they come after Demre / Myra.In the Schwemmlandebene of Demre Cay is this place, in some cards even as Kale, dhBurg, called wird.Der place Demre is not just boring, but much to offer, he has just been nicht.Die Most visitors come for the famous Lycian rock tombs in Myra, and because of the hl.Nikolaus hierher.Man so has the impression of the place was only because many coaches and tourists but does durchzuschleussen.Man Demre a little wrong, because the place is quite quirlig.So there are now in the town some good restaurants in the middle, in which one very good and cheap restaurants.

Access to the cliff tombs in the town itself is well ausgeschildert.Auf a large parking their car, they can free parken.Durch the oblgatorische tourists mile and cash on the house they come to the rock tombs and graves röm.Theater.Die rocks are now locked, you may only on the terrain below the theater is still Gräber.Zum access gestattet.Es there is a new wooden staircase on the very conveniently in the theater kann.Für get interested, there is much to sehen.Wenn they have the good fortune in the theater with a Japanese Swabian accent sings Spanish songs, they have also an excellent impression of the acoustics in the theater.

The theater itself is only preserved as a single building, the rest of the city of Myra is partly under the rubble begraben.Gerade is being created to assemble the theater again, dhdas stage house is big again aufgebaut.Ein Crane disturbs the sight to the theater, but without it just nicht.Das stage house is only until 2.Stockwerk received and there will be some time before everything rebuilt his wird.Unterhalb ruins of the castle built in the hills are known as Felsengräber.Die graves are houses built around the deceased to give the feeling they were too Haus.Da left on a hill free-standing grave because even really looks like a house Lycian aus.Die beam structure truly is amazingly nachgemacht.Bei closely, they are also in the wider environment, many other tombs in entdecken.Eines the cliffs of the most beautiful tombs found in the so-called River Nekropole.Gehen they simply back into the village and turn left behind the school on an unpaved road ab.Es worth quite bestimmt.Hierher someone comes very rarely.

The city has temporarily by Myra Byzantine emperor even skin Lycian city have been appointed, that was 5.Jh.Für Myra in this period was an important time.

If they leave Demre in the direction of Kas errreichen after ca.4km Andriake.Unterhalb the coast road you can see remnants of this ancient port liegen.Im years 59n.Chr.ist here the Apostle Paul went ashore on the way to the beach Rom.Am numerous Sarcophagi and nearby buildings are still visible.

Left from the old port, you can bank on the street still many old warehouses sehen.Sehr impressive is the large grain storage, Granarium.Die facade is 65m long sein.Weite parts of the port today but versumpft.Wir want but also the church of St. Nicholas visit in the city center liegt.Westlich from the large main square is the Church, whose visit, however Admission kostet.Wem However, a glance over the fence enough, here is the famous statue of hl.Nikolaus sehen.Sie is beautiful here under the trees . In the church itself is actually not very much to the layman sehen.Selbst will notice the many styles vorherrschen.Jede time here renoviert.Einige beautiful frescoes and mosaics are on the ground and see the famous place of Bischofs.Es but up today is not proved, the Bishop Nicholas buried here located hat.Der Bishop Nicholas was for his generosity bekannt.Er distributed according to the tales anonymous gifts and charity to poor Menschen.Wie history knows, he let his gifts sometimes fall through the grate . Thus began the derWeg Nicholas up in our Zeit.Heute he owns Renntiere and red truck with neon.

I would now like to have a small outline of the history of ancient Lycia give.

They draw a line from Antayla to Fethiye, south of the entire peninsula, which was Lykien.Das mountainous hinterland was even then thinly besiedelt.Die coastal region on the other hand, was and is still very good besiedelt.Die Schwemmlandebenen the coast fruchtbar.Dieses is very even today everywhere in the many greenhouses to see.

The Lycian even developed its own script, which has not been correctly deciphered ist.Über 20 cities formed a community to freely choose their rulers were allowed.

Lycia was altersher always been a region that many other nations have been conquered.

6.Jh.v.Chr.eroberten the Persians in the area, followed by a period in which the region under the influence of Athens stand.Im 4.Jh.v.Chr.kam Alexander dGSpäter then, the region was a colony of Egyptian Reiches.Die then followed by the Romans and Egyptians Byzantinern.Schliesslich in 7.Jh.wurde the territory arabisch.Den Arabs followed the Seljuk and so was Lycia moslemisch.Bis today is to geblieben.Die beautiful remnants of the Lycian are precisely the time famous rock tombs, which they in the entire area exposed in many places can be found.

At the northern end of the Bay of Adrasan have Mediha and Holger their “Diving Center Adrasan” set up. Who once for diving in Safaga on the Red Sea was aware of the two. The diving center is located directly on the beach and is completely refurbished with 12 liters of devices and Bauer compressor.

Diving

With the new dive boat “Fish” is on the upstream diving grounds. The boat is 8.40 meters long, 3.10 meters wide and 12 divers offers convenient place. It is specially designed for diving has been. Now, even more distant places within easy reach. For large groups is still a big day tour boat ready. For the safety of the divers is an oxygen device on board. After diving, there is tea and all-day trips will be aboard a lunch prepared (for a small fee).

Duikstekken

Daily tours run without stress and bustle of the “5 islands” with charming landscapes, such as underwater caves, grottoes and steep walls. The fish wealth is considerable.

Training

Education and training in accordance with the directives of BARAKUDA / CMAS and PADI. Spezialbrevets night diving and orientation. More Brevets on request.

The beach is sandy Adrasan of gravelly and goes up initially very flat into the sea. Because the bay is protected against currents, the water is warm very quickly – so ideal for children. For them there is room enough on the wide beach.

Idyll, romance, peace – and yet it is never boring in Adrasan. On the southern end of the bay, there are a multitude of small bars and even smaller shops. You can borrow surfboards or boat tours make. The north end is much quieter – here leads a small creek in which a handful of restaurants will flow. Eaten – specialty is fresh trout – is on wooden platforms, some tables and chairs are also easily in water.

Is a fascinating walk to the village three kilometers away Cavusköy. The village, which Lokantas and Cayhanes, the teahouses where the men with serious faces policy, the small mosque and the extremely friendly villagers, the shops in the village, all that is not only worth a visit. Who comes here as a guest, yet experienced what hospitality means. And the guest is then often also a friend. But there is more to see. The Suluada example, the Water Island, their source of fresh water will help against kidney stones. The boat tour is also worth but also for those who do not have kidney stones … And then, of course, also by boat to reach the Sazak Bay. There is a source of locals and the promise that who like this morning before breakfast drink, abruptly his digestive complaints was happening. Nebendran is equal Porto Ceneviz, once a notorious pirate bay. That there is still a pirate treasures to be discovered there, we do not want to promise.

The small town of Kemer is situated between the Mediterranean Sea and the Taurus Mountains. This charming seaside resort is only 43 km from Antalya and about 65 km from the international airport of Antalya.

Koy formerly Eski (old town), on the reputation Kemer (means water) in 191O. The villagers have constructed 23 km of length of the aqueduct at the foot of the Taurus chain to protect the village from floods. This ancient village has become one of the most important tourist center of Turkey from 1980 with the tourist region of Antalya.

Kemer: spectacular scenery, beaches, forests

Kemer has a spectacular landscape: broad sandy beaches alongside pine forests at the foot of the mountain range of Taurus (Toros Daglar). This place blends seamlessly tourist in this beautiful landscape and offers all the benefits of a modern seaside resort. A fully equipped marina with 300 yachts and facilities for all kinds of activities are available to tourists.

Visit Kemer

Kemer is the starting point for excursions to discover the many natural archaeological sites in the region.

The esplanade by the sea, north of the marina, can go to cafes, shops and beach by stairs. In front of the marina of Kemer, visit the park Yoruk, housed in the mini peninsula. You’ll find traditional craftsmen and you will discover the everyday life of nomads. You will assist in the preparation of Ayran, beverage or yogurt weaving a carpet. Behind the beach, there are places where walks drinks will be served. Along the bay, pleasant land have sports and leisure facilities discreetly hidden among the pines.

Those who want to shop will be filled by the extraordinary variety of souvenirs at their disposal.

Practical Guide Kemer

Kemer is a charming small town and is an ideal resort to enjoy holidays. Liman Caddesi, the main street, bordered by pine trees, hotels, bars, cafes and shops where you can make good purchases leather, souvenirs and Turkish carpets. In the north, at the end of the street is the marina of Kemer (marina) south of the beach pebbles surrounded by green grass and fragrant pine trees. There are also equipment rentals on the beach for water sports such as sailing, water skiing, jet skiing, umbrellas …

Around Kemer

Beldibi is a seaside resort 12 km from Kemer. He is also visiting the Beldibi cave, prehistoric remains were discovered.

The ancient city of Phaselis, 15 km south of Kemer, Phaselis was an important commercial center in the 5th century with its three ports located at the foot of the mountain Tahtali. The trading port dating from the Hellenistic period became archbishop during the Roman period, contains mostly Roman ruins: ports, walls of the citadel, the Temple of Jupiter, Karal way Antonius Caravella and theater. Phaselis is a pleasant place where young swimmers can swim in safety, in a setting where nature and history is one.

Getting to Kemer

By bus: shuttle follow every ten minutes on the road Kemer-Antalya
By plane: Kemer is only an hour’s drive from Antalya airport
By boat: the services are held regularly.

Climate and Weather: Kemer has a typical Mediterranean climate with hot summers and dry winters and rainy temperate. Bathed in sunshine for 300 days, Kemer provides a long tourist season.

Side Travel Info

The main street of Side is only for the riparian traffic open. The bus station is 500 meters before the entrance. Side is a picturesque village with an impressive ancient city and is ideal for shopping for jeans, T-shirts, sweatshirts, as well as gold and leather goods. When shopping you should carefully examine all things. It is often second choice of goods offered. Prices Easter 2001: Jeans 25 – DM, DM 20 25 sweatshirts, T-shirt 3.50 4.50 DM Who is not in the prices paid haggles 30 100% more. Caution! The seller is not afraid to eschew a tourist abzuzocken. The prices are on Monday at the market in Manavgat slightly cheaper than in Side. We have not exchanged Turkish lira because everything can pay with DM. The hotel facilities are located in five regions of the right and left side.

Weather in April – Southern Turkey

Night temperatures around 12 to 15 C. By day 17 to 24C. We had three days with rain, though there have only about one hour has rained. The night temperatures were relatively cool. We have extra blankets and a heater, the evening we run about one hour left in our hotel room can bring. Some rooms could be used to heat the air conditioner use. When the sun shone, it was pleasantly warm. Until one day we were in the pool every afternoon swim.

Excursions – Turkey – Turkish Riviera

In addition to the tour operators also offer a few Trips to local providers.

For this you should in any case before inquire how much time on sales events in leather and gold carpet shops or spends. The trips are very inexpensive because there are coffee trips. The rides are for children in dolmus and the local organizers for free.

Side trips

Manavgat with the dolmus for 2 – DM or by taxi on Monday when the market because all buses are full for 10 – DEM boat tour of the yellow bridge in Manavgat waterfall on the 10th – DM Antalya and Alanya are from the bus station in Manavgat (next to the yellow bridge) with the intercity for 6 8 – DM easily accessible.

Pamukkale Tour 2 days, Wednesday and Saturday. approximately 40 – to 180 – DM

Through the Taurus Mountains, the long journey. There are stops at a small nomadic family, Salda Lake, in a Karawansarai and made a Knottet carpet. The stay at the sinter limestone terraces takes about 2 hours.

Alanya tour, Friday about 10 – to 40 – DM

Alaraherberge, banana plantation, stalactite cave, fortress of Alanya, boat tours, market visits, Manavgat waterfall.

Cappadocia Tour 3 days, Tuesday and Friday. ca 90, – to 320th – DM

Taurus Mountains, Konya, Sultanhan, Feenkamiene, open air museum, underground city, Ihlara valley. Super Interesting, but who only a week remains should prefer a tour book.

Antalya tour, Tuesday and Saturday. approximately 10 – to 30 – DM

Roman bridge, theater Aspendos, Perge Antique City, waterfall or Kursunluwasserfälle dunes, sightseeing, Antique port, Alexander waterfall.

Villages ride, Wednesday and Sunday. approximately 30 – DM

Ancient Kanyonbrücke Reserve, village tour, ancient city Selge, meals on the river.

Boat Tour, Monday Wednesday and Friday. about 35th – DM

Swim break at the mouth, blue voyage and eat at the small waterfall, bus to a large waterfall, Manavgatbesuch.

City paradise, Marmaris was once known for its sponges and aromatic plants. The marina and traditional shipyards then assured the reputation of the city. It is now a major tourist attraction. You find in this seaside resort hotels and pensions for all budgets. Enjoy due to climate and wonderful Mediterranean coast near the ancient cities, offer a mix of near perfection that delight travelers.

SPORTS AND LEISURE

Swimming and cruising the cave phosphorus (Fosforlu Magara) is still used by ships to Turunc and Kumlubük. It offers the opportunity to swim in waters clean and colorful. The island of Cennet (paradise located thirty minutes of Wednesday) is a peninsula almost completely covered with forest. Ideal for a swim in the sea or for the pleasure of a small crossing.

Tours: we come to the waterfall Turgut after a fifteen minutes walk from the small village of Turgut, located 35 km from Marmaris. The place is nice, at the foot of a cascade of ten meters high.

HISTORY

It assesses the first settlers arrived around 3400 BC This tribe settled in the area, guided by a chief named Kar. Carie name or country of Kar appears much later. The richness of the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts makes Marmaris very attractive. That is why the city is experiencing various civilizations to the present day: Egyptian Ionian Dorienne, Persian, Macedonian, Syrian, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman.

SITES

Castles and fortresses

Built by the loniens, repaired at the time of Alexander the Great, the castle of Marmaris was expanded and restored by Suleyman the Magnificent on dispatch of Rhodes in 1522. Travelers can make them admire the panorama. The town of Loryma (Bozukkale) houses the most impressive building of the peninsula: accessible only by sea, Burunbasi fortress overlooking the entrance to the bay. It has nine rectangular towers distributed around the island of Rhodes. At the moment, only the north tower of the visit.

Environment

Bozburun village, located 50 km from Marmaris remains a step of bus lines. Pins, flowers and thyme honey are the peculiarities of the village. A tree 1,000 years old is in the middle.

Günnücek: a forest of incense in the world is near a picnic area, 2 km from Marmaris. Sigla oil, is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It is also a place of very pleasant promenade where the sea is shallow.

MUSEUMS

Marmaris Museum: The Citadel has been nationalized and restored between 1980 and 1990 and then transformed into a museum. Five galleries are open to the public. -Among them, one of them is reserved for archaeological works and another is ethnographic room (converted into Turkish house). The fourth gallery reconstructs the room of the governor of the citadel.

SHOPPING

In addition to the lace, objects of copper and wood from other regions, jewelry and clothes are sold in local stores port. Do not forget to buy honey and jam.

KITCHEN

The sura Tarhan and Marmaris are famous in the region. The “Tarhan” based on meat juices and “börülce” is prepared during the summer in anticipation of winter. The “sura” is cooking with meat stuffed with rice during celebrations of the Sheep and Hidirellez (spring festival).

CLIMATE

MEDITERRANEAN type: hot summers and dry, temperate and rainy winters.

TO GET MARMARIS

By car: You can get to by bus from Marmaris almost all cities of Turkey. There are regular flights to Bodrum, Fethiye and Datça. The bus station is located 2 km from the city center. Tel. : (90-252) 412 30 37

By Air: The Dalaman airport is only about 100 km from Marmaris. The shuttles are provided by regular services (rate of 7.30 to 22 hours) and the cars of the Airports Authority. The airport of Bodrum-Milas may be another alternative.

Dalaman Airport. tel. : (90-252) 792 52 91

Airport Bodrum-Milas tel.: (90-252) 523 01 01

ACCOMMODATIONS

To find the hotel that suits you, help you search engine by entering the name of the city.

DO NOT MISS …

• The festivals in the region, following in the footsteps of Antony and Cleopatra

• The surrounding area of Marmaris: Turunç, Cennet Island, Bozburun, the waterfall Turgut, Yalanci Bogaz, Günnücek

• The honey, and Tarhan sura, festive local delights

TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Tourist Information: (90-252) 412 10 35-412 72 77

Hospital: (90-252) 412 10 29

Port Authority: (90-252) 412 10 13

Directorate of Customs: (90-252) 412 03 54

Fethiye, the former Telmessos, nicknamed “Immaculate Virgin of the country of Lights” is in a beautiful bay surrounded by pine forests. In the Gulf north, twelve islands close the bay. Remains Persian, lyciens, Carien and Roman contribute to the celebrity places. Fethiye is one of the most important tourism thanks to its cultural wealth and its superb geographical setting.

SPORTS AND LEISURE

Water sports: diving, rafting and paragliding (on the summit of Mount Babadag) is easily practiced in the region. Notice to thrill!

Beaches: beaches and coves are èdent Station near Fethiye. Minibuses known as “dolmus” link to the city all day. Pine forests down to the coast, warm water, in turn purple and blue, and the long sandy beach transform Oludeniz (Dead Sea in the literal sense) in bathers’ paradise. You can also go to Calis, 4 km of pristine beaches ventilated with a gentle breeze await you …

HISTORY

Once maritime city on the border of Lycia and the caries, the current Fethiye gate in the ancient name Telmessos. The city existed since the fifth century BC and has long ensured its independence vis-à-vis the Lycia. However, it falls under the domination of foreign powers: Persia, Alexander the Great, Rome, Kingdom of Pergamon, Byzantium, and Principality of Menteseogullari Ottoman Empire.

SITES

Ancient cities: Tlos it would be the oldest city in the region Lycian (2000 BC). Admire the cemetery installed on the rock of the Acropolis. The remarkable prehistoric royal tomb is dedicated to Bellerophon, cavalier mythical Pegasus.

Xanthos: Former political capital of Lycia, she was nicknamed “the city claims” because of the attacks, earthquakes and fires and suffered “city of monuments” for its numerous relics.

Island Boat (Gemiler Adasi): one of the first centers spread of Christianity, also known as Saint-Nicolas, boats travel there Blue calling.

Letoon: it was found that the famous stele trilingual (lycien, Greek and Aramaic).

Pinar: its temple dedicated to Aphrodite and its many tombs in a “nest of pigeons” deserve your attention.

Remains: the ancient theater: built in the early Roman period, it was used as an arena to the Byzantine period.

The Citadel: built by the Knights of St. John of Rhodes, the fortress includes small rock tombs, some inscriptions and a tank.

Rock Tombs: dated XIV century BC, the rock tombs of Lycia have the reputation of Fethiye. That of Amyntas (fourth century BC.), Cut into the rock, dominates the city, colossal. Its facade is composed of two columns and a false door, like a temple.

MUSEUMS

The mus ear of Fethiye houses works from the Hellenistic period to the Byzantine period. There is also a section of Ethnography. Tel. : (90-252) 614 11 50. Open every day except Monday from 9 am to 18 pm.

SHOPPING

Do not miss carpets woven by peasants in the region, or bags sold in the bazaar of Fethiye (next to the old Turkish baths). And why not bring a three-stringed violin, manufactured locally?

KITCHEN

The fish lovers will be delighted to Fethiye. Taste in next port along the promenade or in the bazaar.

CLIMATE

There is in Fethiye a Mediterranean climate. There is hot and dry in summer and winter is warm and rainy. The temperature around 30 degrees C in summer and over 10 ° C in winter. Sea temperature does not descend below 16 ° C.

TO GET fethiye

By car or bus: Three roads linking Fethiye in Mugla, Antalya and Burdur. Tel. the bus station: (90-252) 262 46 87

By air: The nearest airports are at Dalaman (50 km) and Bodrum (255 km). Besides regular flights THY (Turkish Airlines), there are international flights.

By Boat: The port of Fethiye, thanks to its natural situation well protected, is the passage of all yachts. The boats belonging to the Directorate General of Turkish Maritime Lines stop in Fethiye when traveling in the Mediterranean held during the summer.

ACCOMMODATIONS

To find the hotel that suits you, help you search engine by entering the name of the city.

NOT TO BE MISSED

• The beaches of Oludeniz, the village hidden valley and butterflies, paradise bay where the water is transparent

• Sipping a glass of drink on the port

• Attend an evening hosted by Turkish dancers accompanied by local instruments

TELEPHONE NUMBERS

Tourist Information: (90-252) 614 15 27-612 19 75

Security: (90-252) 614 40 17

Port Authority: (90-252) 614 11 87

Hospital: (90-252) 614 40 17